Wolf teeth are a common topic of discussion among horse owners and riders, particularly when it comes to fitting a bit.
As a bit fitter I see them often, and sometimes they can be the root cause as to why your horse isn’t happy in their bit.
These small, vestigial teeth can play a significant role in a horse’s comfort and performance under saddle. Im often asked by riders if they should have them removed, so below I’ll explain the origin and function of wolf teeth, why they are often removed, and the potential issues they can cause if left untreated.
What Are Wolf Teeth?
Wolf teeth are small, vestigial teeth located in front of the pre molars in the horse’s mouth. They typically appear in the upper jaw, though occasionally, they can also be found in the lower jaw. Wolf teeth usually erupt between the ages of 6 and 18 months.
They are not to be confused with the tushes/canine teeth which are present in the interdental space between the incisors (front teeth) and the pre molars (see photo).
The Origin and Function of Wolf Teeth
Wolf teeth are evolutionary remnants from a time when horses had a different dental structure. These teeth served a purpose in the horse’s ancient ancestors, helping them to process a more varied diet. However, as horses evolved to become grazing animals with a diet primarily consisting of grass, the need for these teeth diminished. Today, wolf teeth no longer serve any significant function in the modern horse.
Why Do We Remove Wolf Teeth?
Despite being relatively small, wolf teeth can cause a range of problems, particularly when it comes to bitting. Here are some reasons why they are often removed:
- Interference with the Bit. Wolf teeth are positioned in a way that can cause interference with the bit. When the bit comes into contact with these teeth, it can create discomfort or even pain for the horse, leading to resistance and behavioural issues.
- Sensitivity and Pain. Wolf teeth are connected to the horse’s jaw by sensitive nerves. Pressure from the bit on these teeth can cause some horses significant pain, which can manifest as head tossing, resistance to accepting the bit, or general discomfort during riding.
- Mouth Injuries. If the bit continually bangs against the wolf teeth, it can cause sores, cuts, or bruising in the horse’s mouth, leading to longer-term dental issues and reluctance to accept the bit.
Issues Riders May Encounter if Wolf Teeth Are Present
If wolf teeth are not removed, riders may notice several issues that can affect the horse’s performance and overall comfort:
- Resistance to the Bit. Horses with wolf teeth may be reluctant to accept the bit or show signs of resistance, such as head tossing, shaking, or trying to evade the bit by opening the mouth and head tilting.
- Behavioural Problems. Discomfort caused by wolf teeth may present as a dislike for being bridled.
- Inconsistent Contact. Riders might struggle to maintain consistent contact with the horse’s mouth, as the horse may continually try to avoid the pressure of the bit on the wolf teeth.
- Reduced Performance. A horse in pain or discomfort is less likely to perform well. Issues with wolf teeth can result in reduced responsiveness, poorer transitions, and an overall decline in the horse’s willingness to work.
Removing Wolf Teeth
The removal of wolf teeth is a relatively simple procedure performed by your vet or BAEDT.
Wolf teeth, though small and seemingly insignificant, can have a substantial impact on a horse’s comfort and performance when bitted. Understanding their origin, potential issues, and the importance of their removal can help ensure that your horse is comfortable and willing to work under saddle. If you suspect that wolf teeth might be causing issues for your horse, consult with your vet/BAEDT to determine the best course of action.
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