Wolf Teeth in Horses

Wolf teeth are a common topic of discussion among horse owners and riders, particularly when it comes to fitting a bit.
As a bit fitter I see them often, and sometimes they can be the root cause as to why your horse isn’t happy in their bit.
These small, vestigial teeth can play a significant role in a horse’s comfort and performance under saddle. I’m often asked by riders if they should have them removed, so below I’ll explain the origin and function of wolf teeth, why they are often removed, and the potential issues they can cause if left untreated.

What Are Wolf Teeth?

Wolf teeth are small, vestigial teeth located in front of the pre molars in the horse’s mouth. They typically appear in the upper jaw, though occasionally, they can also be found in the lower jaw. Wolf teeth usually erupt between the ages of 6 and 18 months.
They are not to be confused with the tushes/canine teeth which are present in the interdental space between the incisors (front teeth) and the pre molars (see photo).

The Origin and Function of Wolf Teeth

Wolf teeth are evolutionary remnants from a time when horses had a different dental structure. These teeth served a purpose in the horse’s ancient ancestors, helping them to process a more varied diet. However, as horses evolved to become grazing animals with a diet primarily consisting of grass, the need for these teeth diminished. Today, wolf teeth no longer serve any significant function in the modern horse.

Why Do We Remove Wolf Teeth?

Despite being relatively small, wolf teeth can cause a range of problems, particularly when it comes to bitting. Here are some reasons why they are often removed:

Interference with the Bit. Wolf teeth are positioned in a way that can cause interference with the bit. When the bit comes into contact with these teeth, it can create discomfort or even pain for the horse, leading to resistance and behavioural issues.
Sensitivity and Pain. Wolf teeth are connected to the horse’s jaw by sensitive nerves. Pressure from the bit on these teeth can cause some horses significant pain, which can manifest as head tossing, resistance to accepting the bit, or general discomfort during riding.
Mouth Injuries. If the bit continually bangs against the wolf teeth, it can cause sores, cuts, or bruising in the horse’s mouth, leading to longer-term dental issues and reluctance to accept the bit.

Issues Riders May Encounter if Wolf Teeth Are Present

If wolf teeth are not removed, riders may notice several issues that can affect the horse’s performance and overall comfort:

Resistance to the Bit. Horses with wolf teeth may be reluctant to accept the bit or show signs of resistance, such as head tossing, shaking, or trying to evade the bit by opening the mouth and head tilting.
Behavioural Problems. Discomfort caused by wolf teeth may present as a dislike for being bridled.
Inconsistent Contact. Riders might struggle to maintain consistent contact with the horse’s mouth, as the horse may continually try to avoid the pressure of the bit on the wolf teeth.
Reduced Performance. A horse in pain or discomfort is less likely to perform well. Issues with wolf teeth can result in reduced responsiveness, poorer transitions, and an overall decline in the horse’s willingness to work.

Removing Wolf Teeth

The removal of wolf teeth is a straightforward procedure carried out by your vet or a qualified BAEDT equine dental technician. Wolf teeth are small but they can have a significant impact on your horse’s comfort and way of going under saddle. If you suspect wolf teeth could be causing issues for your horse, get them checked at the next dental visit and discuss removal with your vet.

Could Your Horse’s Bit Be Causing Problems?

If your horse is showing evasions or discomfort in the bridle, wolf teeth may be just one piece of the puzzle. A proper bitting assessment looks at everything — the horse, the rider, the bit and the bridle — to find the real cause.

You might also find these guides helpful:

Common Bit Evasions – what they mean and how to help – CLICK HERE
Bits for a Strong Horse – understanding the real cause – CLICK HERE
Bits For a Young Horse – Getting the start right – CLICK HERE

If you would like personalised advice, Angela offers in-person bit fitting consultations across Kent and the South East, and remote consultations for riders anywhere in the UK and worldwide.

book a remote consultation

contact angela for an in-person fitting